Ⅰ-AsịdỊtụ achịcha
1.- Nkọwa nke Acid-Pickling: A na-eji asịd ewepụ ihe nha iron oxide na kemịkalụ na njupụta, okpomọkụ, na ọsọ ụfọdụ, nke a na-akpọ pickling.
2.- Nhazi Acid-Pickling: Dịka ụdị acid si dị, a na-ekewa ya n'ime sọlfọric acid pickling, hydrochloric acid pickling, nitric acid pickling, na hydrofluoric acid pickling. A ga-ahọrọ usoro dị iche iche maka pickling dabere na ihe e ji ígwè mee, dị ka pickling carbon steel na sulfuric acid pickling, ma ọ bụ pickling steel anaghị agba nchara na ngwakọta nitric acid na hydrofluoric acid.
Dịka ọdịdị ígwè si dị, a na-ekewa ya n'ime waya a na-akpọ nkụ, ihe a na-akpọ nkụ, ihe a na-akpọ nkụ, ihe a na-akpọ nkụ, ihe a na-akpọ nkụ, wdg.
Dịka ụdị ngwa ịchacha ihe si dị, a na-ekewa ya n'ime ịchacha ihe dị n'ime tank, ịchacha ihe dị n'ime ọkara na-aga n'ihu, ịchacha ihe dị n'ime ya na-aga n'ihu, na ịchacha ihe dị n'ime ụlọ elu.
3.- Ụkpụrụ nke ịchacha acid: Ịchacha acid bụ usoro nke iwepụ ihe mkpuchi iron oxide n'elu ígwè site na iji usoro kemịkalụ, ya mere a na-akpọkwa ya ịchacha acid kemịkalụ. Ihe mkpuchi iron oxide (Fe203, Fe304, Fe0) nke e mepụtara n'elu paịpụ ígwè bụ oxide nkịtị nke na-anaghị agbaze na mmiri. Mgbe a mikpuru ha na mmiri acid ma ọ bụ fesa ha na mmiri acid n'elu, oxide nkịtị ndị a nwere ike ịgbanwe usoro kemịkalụ na acid.
N'ihi ọdịdị nke oxide scale dị nro, oghere, na mgbawa nke elu ígwè carbon structural ma ọ bụ obere alloy metal, yana mgbagọ ugboro ugboro nke oxide scale yana strip steep metal n'oge a na-edozi, na-edozi nrụgide, na njem na ahịrị pickling, mgbawa oghere ndị a na-amụba ma na-agbasa. Ya mere, ngwọta acid na-emeghachi omume na oxide scale na kemịkalụ ma na-emeghachi omume na ígwè substrate site na mgbawa na pores. Nke ahụ bụ, na mmalite nke ịsa acid, a na-eme mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ atọ dị n'etiti iron oxide scale na metal iron na acid solution n'otu oge. Iron oxide scale na-eme mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ na acid ma na-agbaze (mgbaze). Iron oxide na-emeghachi omume na acid iji mepụta hydrogen gas, nke na-ewepụ oxide scale n'ụzọ igwe (mmetụta peeling mechanical) Atomic hydrogen emepụtara na-ebelata iron oxides na ferrous oxides nke nwere ike ịnweta mmeghachi omume acid, wee meghachi omume na acids ka ewepụ (mbelata).
Ⅱ-Passivation/Mgbanyụ/Mgbanyụ
1.- Ụkpụrụ Passivation: Enwere ike ịkọwa usoro passivation site na ozizi fim dị gịrịgịrị, nke na-egosi na passivation bụ n'ihi mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ọla na ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị oxidizing, na-emepụta ihe nkiri passivation dị gịrịgịrị, dị oke arọ, nke kpuchiri nke ọma, ma sie ike n'elu ígwè ahụ. Ihe nkiri a dị ka usoro nọọrọ onwe ya, nke na-abụkarị ngwakọta nke ọla ndị e ji oxidized mee. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ikewapụ ígwè ahụ kpamkpam na ihe na-eme ka ihe dị oxidized ghara ịbanye na ihe na-eme ka ihe dị oxidized ghara ịdị, si otú a na-akwụsị mgbasa nke ígwè ahụ ma mepụta ọnọdụ na-anaghị arụ ọrụ iji nweta mmetụta mgbochi corrosion.
2.- Uru nke passivation:
1) Ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụzọ ochie e si eme mkpuchi anụ ahụ, ọgwụgwọ passivation nwere njirimara nke ịghara ịbawanye ọkpụrụkpụ nke ihe eji arụ ọrụ ma gbanwee agba, ime ka izi ezi na uru agbakwunyere nke ngwaahịa ahụ ka mma, na-eme ka ọrụ dịkwuo mfe;
2) N'ihi na usoro passivation anaghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma, enwere ike itinye ma jiri ihe na-eme passivation ugboro ugboro, nke na-eme ka ndụ dịkwuo ogologo ma na-efu ego karịa.
3) Passivation na-akwalite mmepụta nke ihe nkiri passivation nhazi oxygen n'elu ígwè ahụ, nke dị obere ma kwụsie ike na arụmọrụ, ma nwee mmetụta ndozi onwe ya n'ikuku n'otu oge ahụ. Ya mere, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụzọ ọdịnala nke mkpuchi mmanụ mgbochi nchara, ihe nkiri passivation nke passivation mepụtara na-adịgide adịgide ma na-eguzogide nchara. Ọtụtụ mmetụta chajị na oyi akwa oxide metụtara kpọmkwem ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ na-apụtaghị ìhè na usoro nke oxidation okpomọkụ. N'ime oke okpomọkụ nke 800-1250 ℃, usoro oxidation okpomọkụ site na iji oxygen akọrọ, oxygen mmiri mmiri, ma ọ bụ mmiri vapor nwere usoro atọ na-aga n'ihu. Nke mbụ, oxygen dị na ikuku gburugburu ebe obibi na-abanye na oyi akwa oxide emepụtara, wee oxygen na-agbasa n'ime site na silicon dioxide. Mgbe ọ rutere na interface Si02-Si, ọ na-emeghachi omume na silicon iji mepụta silicon dioxide ọhụrụ. N'ụzọ dị otu a, usoro na-aga n'ihu nke mmeghachi omume mgbasa oxygen na-eme, na-eme ka silicon dị nso na interface ahụ na-agbanwe gaa na silica mgbe niile, oyi akwa oxide na-etokwa gaa n'ime ime silicon wafer na ọnụego ụfọdụ.
Ⅲ-Phosphating
Ọgwụgwọ Phosphating bụ mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ nke na-emepụta oyi akwa nke ihe nkiri (ihe nkiri phosphating) n'elu. A na-ejikarị usoro ọgwụgwọ phosphating eme ihe n'elu ígwè, ebumnuche nke inye ihe mkpuchi nchebe iji kewapụ ígwè ahụ na ikuku ma gbochie nchara; Enwere ike iji ya dị ka ihe mkpuchi maka ụfọdụ ngwaahịa tupu ese ihe. Site na oyi akwa nke ihe nkiri phosphating a, ọ nwere ike ime ka nrapado na iguzogide nchara nke oyi akwa agba dịkwuo mma, melite njirimara ịchọ mma, ma mee ka elu ígwè ahụ mara mma karịa. Ọ nwekwara ike ịrụ ọrụ mmanụ na ụfọdụ usoro ọrụ oyi ígwè.
Mgbe e mechara ọgwụgwọ phosphate, ọrụ ahụ agaghị eme ka ọ dị ọcha ma ọ bụ ghara ịcha nchara ruo ogologo oge, yabụ itinye ọgwụgwọ phosphate n'ọrụ dị oke ukwuu ma bụrụkwa usoro ọgwụgwọ elu ígwè a na-ejikarị eme ihe. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ụlọ ọrụ dịka ụgbọala, ụgbọ mmiri, na mmepụta igwe.
1.- Nhazi na itinye phosphating n'ọrụ
Ọtụtụ mgbe, ọgwụgwọ elu ga-enwe agba dị iche, mana ọgwụgwọ phosphating nwere ike ịdabere na mkpa n'ezie site na iji ihe ndị na-emepụta phosphating dị iche iche iji gosipụta agba dị iche iche. Ọ bụ ya mere anyị ji ahụkarị ọgwụgwọ phosphating na agba isi awọ, agba, ma ọ bụ oji.
Ịkpụcha ígwè: Mgbe e mechara kpụcha ya, elu ya ga-egosi agba eke na acha anụnụ anụnụ, ya mere a na-akpọkwa ya phosphorus agba. Ngwọta kpụcha ahụ na-ejikarị molybdate eme ihe, nke ga-emepụta ihe nkiri kpụcha agba eke na-acha n'elu ihe ígwè, a na-ejikwa ya tee akwa ala, iji nweta nguzogide nchara nke ihe eji arụ ọrụ ma melite nrapado nke mkpuchi elu.
Oge ozi: Mee-10-2024